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      <filedesc>
         <titlestmt>
            <title>A very pitiful lady, very young</title>
            <author>Dante Gabriel Rossetti</author>
            <!-- revised proofed parsed 4 oct 06 jjm -->
</titlestmt>
         <editionstmt>
            <edition>1</edition>
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         <date>1848?</date>
         <classification>
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               <keyword/>
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         <subject/>
         <form>
            <rhyme>ABCABCCDdEeCFF (with variations in each stanza)</rhyme>
            <meter>iambic trimeter and pentameter</meter>
            <genre>canzone</genre>
         </form>
         <addressee/>
         <model>
            <name/>
            <note/>
         </model>
         <repainting>
            <date/>
            <desc/>
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                  <note/>
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                  <note/>
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                  <title/>
                  <artist/>
                  <location/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
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               <citnmythic>
                  <name/>
                  <culture/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
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               <citnhistorical>
                  <event/>
                  <place/>
                  <date/>
                  <bibl/>
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               <citnautobiographical>
                  <name/>
                  <place/>
                  <date/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
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               <citnscenic>
                  <place/>
                  <date/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citnscenic>
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         <commentaries>
            <head>Commentary</head>
            <section type="intro">
               <head>Introduction</head>
               <p>This <xref doc="a.1-1861.yale.rad" from="269" workcode="11d-1861">second canzone</xref> in the <xref doc="a.9d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Vita
Nuova</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref> comes at the numerical center of the autobiography. More
perhaps than any other poem in the sequence, this functions in the closest relation to
the prose text that precedes it and that supplies its own report on the material taken up
again in the canzone.</p>
               <p>The canzone's repetition of the prose refigures the narrated action, a result that
follows from the uncanny structure of repetitions that characterize the entire passage.
The sequence is permeated with strong sympathetic energies so that events in one part
of this charged field&#8212;for instance, in the dreamer's unconscious
orbit&#8212;are impinged upon by events in a different part&#8212;for instance,
among the watching ladies. Dante's dream of the death of Beatrice is partly
constructed out of materials he could not be aware of since it incorporates actions of
the ladies who are hovering around his dreaming body. That situation then becomes a
kind of <hi rend="i">figura</hi> of the prophetic import of the dream-vision, which
involves a sympathetic forecast of a future event. And this entire involuted structure
conceals a kind of transcendental order of benevolence and grace hovering over
everything just as the ladies, in and outside Dante's dream, bend in sympathy over the 
dream-Beatrice and the dreaming Dante.</p>
               <p>The canzone's repetition of this structure of repetitions is clarified by a process 
of allegorical amplification. The poem begins to tease out the form of a
redemptive order of grace in the entire traumatic scene. It does not and could not
fulfill that form, of course, a fact emphasized in the wonderful final line where Dante
is summoned from his dream to waking. That event is a figure of doubled meaning.
For the full (Christian) truth is that, from the point of view of beatitude, all temporal
events are traumatized. So the initial narrative picturing a sleeper lying in a circle of
wakeful watchers itself conceals, as in a sublunary dream, the reality of the only order
of Being that is not to some degree traumatized: the order of Eternity.</p>
               <p>So Dante's poem executes a kind of reversal of the prose order of events in order
to expose their sacred meaning. The canzone allegorizes this process of grown 
consciousness at the outset of its penultimate stanza, in its figure of &#8220;the
Angels, like a rain of manna/ In a long flight flying back Heavenward&#8221;.</p>
               <p>In his effort to capture the spirit of Dante's canzone DGR has permitted himself 
several minor departures from the original rhyme scheme. The intricate structure is
maintained in all its essential features, however.</p>
               <p>DGR's source text was 
&#8220;Donna pietosa e di novella etate&#8221; in the third volume of 
<xref doc="a.pq4308.a24.vol3.rad" from="315" to="319" workcode="11d-1861orig">Fraticelli's</xref> 
edition of Dante's <title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">Opere 
Minori</hi>
                  </title>.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistcomp">
               <head>Textual History: Composition</head>
               <p>This is an early translation, late 1840s.  </p>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistrev">
               <head>Textual History: Revision</head>
               <p>DGR revised the translation for its <xref doc="a.1-1874.rad" from="72" to="79" workcode="11d-1861">1874</xref> publication.  His  <xref doc="a.11d-1861.iowams.rad">fair copy manuscript</xref> of the revised version of lines 64-70 is in the library of the Iowa State Historical Society.  This manuscript was probably made in 1881.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="prodhist">
               <head>Production History</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="recepthist">
               <head>Reception</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="icon">
               <head>Iconographic</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="printhist">
               <head>Printing History</head>
               <p>The translation was first published in 1861 in
<xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="269" to="273" workcode="11d-1861">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The
Early Italian Poets</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>; it was reprinted in 1874 in
<xref doc="a.1-1874.rad" from="72" to="75" workcode="11d-1861">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Dante
and his Circle</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="pictorial">
               <head>Pictorial</head>
               <p>The dream recounted in the canzone and its prose context was 
recapitulated by DGR in 
various <xref doc="a.23p-1881.s81.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Dante's 
Dream</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref> pictures, the earliest, a watercolour, completed in 
1856, and the last, an oil replica of a work initially done in 1871, completed in 
1880. DGR mentions his intention 
to execute a pictorial illustration of this famous episode in a letter to 
Charles Lyell, 14 November 1848 (see <bibl>&gt;<author>Fredeman</author>, 
<title level="bk">
                        <xref doc="a.">Correspondence</xref>
                     </title> 
                     <pages>48. 12</pages>
                  </bibl>).  When he wrote to Lyell he had just completed his translation of  the <title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                  </title> was long completed.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="historical">
               <head>Historical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="literary">
               <head>Literary</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="translation">
               <head>Translation</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="autobio">
               <head>Autobiographical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="biblio">
               <head>Bibliographic</head>
               <p>
                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="[189]" to="193" workcode="4p-1861">&#8220;Introduction
to Part II&#8221; (in
<hi rend="i">Early Italian Poets</hi>)</xref>
                     <pages>189-193</pages>
                  </bibl>
                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.pq4309.a1.1967.rad" link="dead" from="70" to="75">Foster and Boyde (text)</xref>
                     <pages>I.70-75</pages>
                  </bibl>
                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.pq4309.a1.1967.vol2.rad" link="dead" from="114" to="120">Foster and Boyde (commentary)</xref>
                     <pages>II.114-120</pages>
                  </bibl>
                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.pq4310.v2.1980.rad" link="dead" from="159" to="165">De Robertis</xref>
                     <pages>159-165</pages>
                  </bibl>
               </p>
            </section>
         </commentaries>
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                     <hi rend="i">Dante
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