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   <ramheader>
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         <titlestmt>
            <title>To every heart which the sweet pain 
doth move</title>
            <author>Dante Gabriel Rossetti</author>

         </titlestmt>
         <editionstmt>
            <edition>1</edition>
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         <date compdate="1861">1861</date>
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         <subject/>
         <form>
            <rhyme>abbaabbacdecde</rhyme>
            <meter>iambic pentameter</meter>
            <genre>sonnet</genre>
         </form>
         <addressee/>
         <model>
            <name/>
            <note/>
         </model>
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            <date/>
            <desc/>
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               <citnpictorial>
                  <title/>
                  <artist/>
                  <location/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
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               <citnmythic>
                  <name/>
                  <culture/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
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                  <event/>
                  <place/>
                  <date/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
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         <commentaries>
            <head>Commentary</head>
            <section type="intro">
               <head>Introduction</head>
               <p>Dante's sonnet, an early work (ca. 1283) written before the 
<xref doc="a.9d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref> 
was conceived, functions as a singular prophetic moment in Dante's autobiography 
exactly because of that historical/biographical fact. The poem opens the sequence of 
imbedded poems and so announces, both within and prior to Dante's book of 
memory, the imperative presence of Love in his life. When Dante places it in the 
<title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                  </title> its orbit of relevance, as it 
were, expands drastically. Not often observed of Dante's poem is the subtle way 
in which it suggests a parallel between Dante's vision and Annunciation scenes. DGR 
was fascinated by the magical character of the Annunciation, as all his works, textual as well as 
pictorial, indicate.</p>
               <p>The sonnet was &#8220;answered&#8221; by several of 
Dante's friends and acquaintances, as Dante's immediately succeeding <xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="228">note</xref> indicates, but 
placed in the autobiography the sonnet is in effect 
being answered and re-interpreted by Dante himself.</p>
               <p>DGR exploits that original Dantean situation in his translation, which now stands 
<hi rend="i">as a translation</hi> in an analogous relation to nineteenth-century 
English readers. The translation is an index of a kind of mystery needing 
&#8220;true interpretation and kind thought&#8221; from DGR's contemporaries 
who try to make contact with a source of poetic inspiration. Dante's friends answered 
his sonnet with responsive interpretive sonnets. DGR's translation thus becomes a 
model for contemporary readers and poets. The structure of thought is precisely what 
Pound will follow in his &#8220;translational&#8221; approach to the cultural 
heritage he sought to recover.</p>
               <p>DGR's translation exhibits some of his typical transformations, starting with the 
slight alteration of the sestet's rhyme scheme. Also, lines 3, 6-7, and 12 all make 
notable semantic departures from Dante's text. The octave variances, which expand 
Dante's thought beyond the literal Italian, seem clear attempts to render tonal qualities 
in the original&#8212;a certain decorous formality that pervades and indeed 
distinguishes Dante's style. The departure in line 12 involves a subtraction: DGR 
refuses to translate one of Dante's words, &#8220;ardendo&#8221;. The decision is 
hard to understand or justify given the importance of the word in the sonnet.</p>
               <p>DGR's source text was 
&#8220;A ciascun'alma presa e gentil core&#8221; in the third volume of Fraticelli's 
<xref doc="a.pq4308.a24.vol3.rad" from="271" to="272" workcode="wc44d-1861orig">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Opere 
Minori di Dante Alighieri</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>
.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistcomp">
               <head>Textual History: Composition</head>
               <p>This is an early translation, in the 1840s, perhaps as early as 1846.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistrev">
               <head>Textual History: Revision</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="prodhist">
               <head>Production History</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="recepthist">
               <head>Reception</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="icon">
               <head>Iconographic</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="printhist">
               <head>Printing History</head>
               <p>The translation was first published in 1861 in 
<xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="227" to="228" workcode="44d-1861">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The 
Early Italian Poets</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>; it was reprinted in 1874 in 
<xref doc="a.1-1874.rad" from="33" workcode="44d-1861">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Dante 
and his Circle</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="pictorial">
               <head>Pictorial</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="historical">
               <head>Historical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="literary">
               <head>Literary</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="translation">
               <head>Translation</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="autobio">
               <head>Autobiographical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="biblio">
               <head>Bibliographic</head>
               <p>
                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="[189]" to="193" workcode="4p-1861">&#8220;Introduction 
to Part II&#8221; (in 
<hi rend="i">Early Italian Poets</hi>)</xref> 
                     <pages>189-193</pages>
                  </bibl>

                  <bibl>
                     <author>Foster and Boyd</author>, <title level="bk">
                        <xref doc="a.pq4309.a1.1967.rad" link="dead" from="12" to="17">
                           <hi rend="i">Dante's Lyric Poetry</hi>
                        </xref>
                     </title>, 
<pages>I.12-17 (II. 22-31)</pages>
                  </bibl>.

<bibl>
                     <author>De Robertis</author> ed., <xref doc="a.pq4310.v2.1980.rad" link="dead" from="41" to="43">
                        <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                     </xref>, <pages>41-43</pages>
                  </bibl>
               </p>
            </section>
         </commentaries>
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                  <title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">The
Early Italian Poets</hi>
                  </title>
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               <gloss>kind: a word play, as Herbert Tucker once pointed out to me; 
meaning both &#8220;sympathetic&#8221; and &#8220;kindred&#8221;.</gloss>
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