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         <titlestmt>
            <title>Cecco d'Angiolieri, da Siena. &#8220;Sonnet (to Dante Alighieri) On 
  the last Sonnet of the Vita Nuova.&#8221;</title>
            <author>Dante Gabriel Rossetti</author>

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         <editionstmt>
            <edition>1</edition>
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         <date>1861</date>
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         <form>
            <rhyme>abbaabbacdecde</rhyme>
            <meter>iambic pentameter</meter>
            <genre>sonnet</genre>
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            <name/>
            <note/>
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         <commentaries>
            <head>Commentary</head>
            <section type="intro">
               <head>Introduction</head>
               <p>DGR places this sonnet first among the twenty-one sonnets by Cecco 
that he includes in <xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="402" workcode="76d-1861">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The
Early Italian Poets</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref> collection. (In the second edition of the collection, 
<xref doc="a.1-1874.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Dante
and his Circle</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>, DGR added one more sonnet to the group, the splendid 
<xref doc="a.55d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Never so bare and naked was 
church-stone&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>. DGR thought it was Cecco's composition, and from 
its style it might well have been; but in fact the poem was written by Cecco Nuccoli. 
the poet and notary from Perugia who flourished a generation later). Only Dante 
and Cavalcanti have more poems in 
the two collections, which tells a great deal about DGR's estimation of Cecco's poetical gifts.</p>
               <p>Cecco's raw wit, highly personal style, and colloquial manner were unpleasing to 
traditional Italian scholars, and it was not until the twentieth-century that his notable 
poetic virtues were given proper attention. Indeed, DGR's admiration for Cecco is yet another 
instance of his unusually advanced aesthetic taste&#8212;a quality of his character we know very 
well from his work in English but that is less often remarked in relation to his work 
with Italian writers.</p>
               <p>Not much is known about Cecco's life. He was born around 1260 and died 
in 1311 or 1312. His poetry is coarse and lively, and its principal subjects are money, 
Cecco's father (whom he hates), and his Beloved, Becchina. His family was from Siena and must have been 
well-to-do. Cecco's work shows that he was completely familiar with the work of the major poets 
of his age. Indeed, he takes that work as his point of departure in much of his writing&#8212;
usually, as his point of ironical and burlesque departure. Such is the case in this opening sonnet of 
DGR's chosen series, which is one of several sonnets Cecco addressed to Dante, whom 
he clearly knew personally. The two other sonnets to Dante included in DGR's selection are 
<xref doc="a.59d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Dante Alighieri in 
Becchina's praise&#8221;</title>
                  </xref> 
and <xref doc="a.75d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Dante Alighieri, 
if I jest and lie&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>, the latter being the last in DGR's sequence.</p>
               <p>This sonnet by Cecco, not really one of his best, mounts an ironical critique of 
the final sonnet of the <xref doc="a.9d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Vita Nuova&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>, 
<xref doc="a.17d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Beyond the sphere which spreads to widest 
space&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>. To us now his point of 
attack probably seems too pedantic to carry any real force, 
but in the context of Dante and his circle Cecco's move would almost certainly have 
seemed aesthetically telling. Scholars have pointed out that Dante's <hi rend="i">divisio</hi> for his 
sonnet contained an explication of the contradiction Cecco attacks, but from Cecco's point of view 
that explication would have been little more than special pleading.</p>
               <p>See also the <xref doc="a.76d-1861orig.raw">commentary</xref> for DGR's source text, 
which was 
from <xref doc="a.pq4212.t86.rad" link="dead" from="275">Trucchi</xref> (I. 275).</p>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistcomp">
               <head>Textual History: Composition</head>
               <p>This is probably an early translation, late 1840s, but it seems likely that DGR decided around 1860 to compose some new translations to be added to the collection he had already made.  We judge this from the watermark of 1860 on paper carrying his copies of the Italian texts of five of his translations.  These include <xref doc="a.59d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Lassar non vo' lo trovar di Bichina&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>, <xref doc="a.68d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Qualunque ben si fa naturalmente&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>, <xref doc="a.56d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Il pessimo, e 'l crudel odio, ch' io porto&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>, <xref doc="a.73d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Non si disperin quelli dello 'nferno&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>, and <xref doc="a.61d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Chi dice del suo Padre altro, che onore&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistrev">
               <head>Textual History: Revision</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="prodhist">
               <head>Production History</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="recepthist">
               <head>Reception</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="icon">
               <head>Iconographic</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="printhist">
               <head>Printing History</head>
               <p>The translation was first published in 1861 in 
<xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="402" workcode="76d-1861">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The 
Early Italian Poets</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>; it was reprinted in 1874 in 
<xref doc="a.1-1874.rad" from="204" workcode="76d-1861">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Dante 
and his Circle</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="pictorial">
               <head>Pictorial</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="historical">
               <head>Historical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="literary">
               <head>Literary</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="translation">
               <head>Translation</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="autobio">
               <head>Autobiographical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="biblio">
               <head>Bibliographic</head>
               <p>
                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.1-1861.rad" from="212" workcode="4p-1861" to="217">&#8220;Introduction
to Part II&#8221; (in
<hi rend="i">Early Italian Poets</hi>)</xref>
                     <pages>212-217</pages>
                  </bibl>
                  <bibl>
                     <author>Lanza</author>, ed., 
<xref doc="a." from="217" to="218">
                        <title level="wrk">
                           <hi rend="i">Rime. Cecco Angiolieri</hi>
                        </title>
                     </xref>, <pages>217-218</pages>
                  </bibl>

                  <bibl>
                     <author>Massera</author>, ed., 
<xref doc="a." from="131">
                        <title level="wrk">
                           <hi rend="i">Sonetti Burleschi e Realistici</hi>
                        </title>
                     </xref>,
<pages>I. 131 (II. 134)</pages>
                  </bibl>
               </p>
            </section>
         </commentaries>
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