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				        <title>The Broadway Annual</title>
				        <author>George Routledge &amp; Sons</author>
				        <guestEditor>Paul Fyfe</guestEditor>
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			      <date compdate="1867,1868">1867-1868</date>
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			      <commentaries>
				        <head>Commentary</head>
				        <section type="intro">
					          <head>Introduction</head>
					          <p>
						            <bibl>
                     <title level="per">
								                <hi rend="i">The Broadway Annual: A Miscellany of Original
									Literature in Poetry and Prose</hi>
							              </title>. <city>London and New York</city>: <publisher>George Routledge
								&amp; Sons</publisher>, <date>September 1867-August 1868</date>.</bibl>
						            <bibl>
							              <title level="per">
								                <hi rend="i">The Broadway: A London Magazine</hi>
							              </title>. New series. <date>September 1868-July 1870</date>. </bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <title level="per">
								                <hi rend="i">The Broadway: A London Magazine of Society and
								Politics</hi>
							              </title>. Second new series. <date>August 1870 - December
						1872</date>.</bibl>
					          </p>
					          <p>
                  <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway Annual</hi>
                  </title> was, as its first subtitle suggests, &#8220;a miscellany of
						original literature in poetry and prose&#8221; founded and edited by Edmund
						Routledge (1844&#8211;1899). Modeling itself upon the <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">Cornhill</hi>
                  </title>, <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">Macmillan's</hi>
                  </title>, and
						the <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">Belgravia</hi>
                  </title>, the <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">Broadway</hi>
                  </title> tried to capitalize on the popularity during the
						1860s of monthly periodicals, which, as Thackeray claimed, &#8220;afford to the
						reading public the greatest part of the modern literature which it demands&#8221;
						(2). Debuting along with Thackeray's <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">Saint Pauls</hi>
                  </title> Magazine in 1867, <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The
							Broadway</hi>
                  </title> predominantly published serial fiction along with literary essays,
						poetry, and illustrations. It drew contributors from the stable of writers
						already publishing with George Routledge &amp; Sons, and the young
						Edmund Routledge vigorously pursued many more, including William Michael
						Rossetti and Algernon Swinburne. (WMR, in a letter to Swinburne, called <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The
							Broadway</hi>
                  </title> &#8220;[t]he most groveling of publications&#8221; [Peattie 181].) Other
						notable contributors included Henry Kingsley, W.S. Gilbert, Tom Hood, and
						Annie Thomas (a.k.a. Pendler Cudlip).</p>
					          <p>Having become a partner in his father's business in 1865, Edmund Routledge
						likely developed <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title> to expand his editorial work beyond the
							company's successful reprints and magazines for children (Mumby). <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The
								Broadway</hi>
                  </title>&#8212;named for the address of its office on Ludgate-Hill&#8212;was published
						in London and New York, as George Routledge &amp; Sons had a Manhattan
						office (416 Broome Street) for distribution and access to American writers
						(Sutherland 84; Barnes). The plan to include trans-Atlantic contents aimed
						to appeal to both markets, as is made perfectly clear in a full-page
						advertisement in <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Atheneaum</hi>
                  </title> (10 August 1867): &#8220;It is our earnest desire
						that Britannia should shake hands with Columbia intellectually, and that
						both should shake hands with us financially&#8221; (189).
						The advertisement plays on the name Broadway, claiming itself as an
						&#8220;International magazine&#8221; that bows to the international spirit of the age.
						But Gohdes claims that <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title> remained &#8220;merely a London journal which
						devoted more than the average amount of space to American topics and which
						included a few [American] contributions&#8221; (60-61). </p>
					          <p>
                  <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Atheneaum</hi>
                  </title> advertisement suggests the magazine's perhaps unfocused
						editorial direction: &#8220;&#8216;<hi rend="c">THE BROADWAY</hi>&#8217; is our Title, and our Scheme is as
						broad as our Name&#8221;. Routledge wanted his magazine to be widely popular and
						made sure his prospectus had few sharp edges: &#8220;<quote>The tone of our
							periodical will be decidedly entertaining, recreative, and light: that
							is to say, we shall endeavour to be sociable without being frivolous;
							and if we occasionally aim at being instructive, we shall most
							scrupulously avoid being indigestible. Politics we shall eschew:
							politics being dull things, which few understand, and fewer still are
							any better for understanding&#8221; (189).</quote> With its &#8220;light&#8221; tone,
						Routledge's magazine casually dismisses the vogue for rational recreation
						and offers instead the polite but knowing pleasures of a cosmopolitan
						literary miscellany. Ellegård claims that the magazine's readership was
						&#8220;predominantly feminine&#8221; and middle class (33). The frontispiece of a bound
						copy of the magazine seems to illustrate this: a pair of well-dressed young
						women in a rose bower sharing an issue of <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title>.</p>
					          <p>
                  <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title> demonstrated no particular affiliation with an aesthetic
						movement, but it did publish WMR's interesting exercise in applied
						Pre-Raphaelite poetics, &#8220;<xref doc="a.wmrossetti014.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">Mrs. Holmes Grey</title>
                  </xref>&#8221;. Routledge contacted WMR twice in
						1867 to ask for his contributions, interested more in WMR's cultural cache
						than in any particular offerings. However, unimpressed by the magazine's
						&#8220;broad scheme&#8221;, WMR declined Routledge's first offer, &#8220;instancing their
						prospectus as of itself enough to warn off any human writer&#8221;, as he wrote to
						Swinburne (Peattie 181). Routledge decided to shift his editorial policy and
						promised WMR in a second letter that <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title> would seek out
						increasingly distinguished contributors. WMR consented, offering his long
						narrative poem &#8220;<title level="wrk">Mrs. Holmes Grey</title>&#8221; and an article on John Ruskin (printed as
						&#8220;<title level="es">Ruskin as a Writer on Art</title>&#8221; in March 1868). But WMR severed ties with the
						magazine in December 1867, annoyed by Routledge's irreverent treatment of
						Swinburne (Peattie 189).</p>
				        </section>
				        <section type="texthistcomp">
					          <head>Textual History: Composition</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="texthistrev">
					          <head>Textual History: Revision</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="prodhist">
					          <head>Production History</head>
					          <p>
                  <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway Annual</hi>
                  </title> was available to individual subscribers, booksellers, and
						libraries like Mudie's (Ellegård 33). Each monthly issue cost sixpence.
						Contributors received a standard £1 rate per page of prose (Peattie 182).
						<title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title> produced its first issue in September 1867 with a conspicuously
						large print run: 90,000 copies, according to the publisher's records. Altick
						points out that even the leading monthlies averaged a circulation of 15,000
						or less (359). Unsurprisingly, <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title>'s numbers quickly fell: 50,000
						by the second issue, 30,000 by the seventh, and 20,000 by the twelfth.
						Competition was intense. <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway</hi>
                  </title> did not build much esteem, nor did
						changes in subtitle and editorial direction with two new series improve the
						magazine's fortunes. In September 1868, the magazine began a new series with
						a new title perhaps better suited to its capacities: <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">The Broadway: A London
							Magazine</hi>
                  </title>. Routledge would similarly temper its avoidance of politics. A
						second new series began in August 1870, again with a different subtitle: <title level="per">
                     <hi rend="i">A
							London Magazine of Society and Politics</hi>
                  </title>. Costs were cut, the number of pages
						and illustrations scaled back, and by 1869 printings dropped off to remain
						at 4000-5000 copies per issue (see Ives for more, 90). The magazine was
						discontinued in December 1872; its January 1873 issue was the last.</p>
				        </section>
				        <section type="recepthist">
					          <head>Reception</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="icon">
					          <head>Iconographic</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="printhist">
					          <head>Printing History</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="pictorial">
					          <head>Pictorial</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="historical">
					          <head>Historical</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="literary">
					          <head>Literary</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="translation">
					          <head>Translation</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="autobio">
					          <head>Autobiographical</head>
					          <p/>
				        </section>
				        <section type="biblio">
					          <head>Bibliographic</head>
					          <p>
						            <bibl>
                     <author>Altick, Richard D</author>. <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The English Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass Reading Public 1800-1900</hi>
                     </title>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <author>Ives, Maura C</author>. &#8220;<title level="es">Descriptive Bibliography and the Victorian Periodical</title>.&#8221; <title level="per">
                        <hi rend="i">Studies in Bibliography</hi>
                     </title> 49 (1996): 61-94.</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <author>Barnes, James J., and Patience P. Barnes</author>. &#8220;<title level="es">Routledge, George</title>.&#8221; <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</hi>
                     </title>. Oxford UP, 2004-2007.
					http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/articleHL/24184</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <author>Ellegård, Alvar</author>. <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The Readership of the Periodical Press in Mid-Victorian Britain</hi>
                     </title>. Göteborg: Göteborgs Universitets Arsskrift, 63:3. 1957.</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <author>Mumby, F. A</author>. <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The House of Routledge 1834-1934</hi>
                     </title>. London: George Routledge &amp; Sons, 1934.</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <editor>North, John</editor>, ed. &#8220;<title level="es">The Broadway Annual</title>.&#8221; <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The Waterloo Directory of English Newspapers and Periodicals: 1800-1900</hi>
                     </title>. North Waterloo Academic Press. http://www.victorianperiodicals.com</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <editor>Peattie, Roger W</editor>., ed. <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Selected Letters of William Michael Rossetti</hi>
                     </title>. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1990.</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <author>Sutherland, John</author>. <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">The Longman Companion to Victorian Fiction</hi>
                     </title>. Burnt Hill, Engl.: Longman, 1988.</bibl>
						            <bibl>
                     <author>Trollope, Anthony</author>. &#8220;<title level="es">Introduction</title>.&#8221; <title level="per">
                        <hi rend="i">Saint Pauls</hi>
                     </title> 1 (1867-68): 1-7.</bibl>
					          </p>
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