<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<ram xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="file:/Parse/ram.xsd"
     archivetype="raw"
     id="a.s117"
     metatype="web.visual"
     workcode="s117"
     rltdobject="s116">
   <ramheader>
      <filedesc>
         <titlestmt>
            <title>Dantis Amor</title>
            <author>Dante Gabriel Rossetti</author>

         </titlestmt>
         <editionstmt>
            <edition>1</edition>
         </editionstmt>
         <extent/>


         <notesstmt/>
      </filedesc>
      <encodingdesc/>
      <profiledesc>
         <date>1859-1860, 1865</date>
         <classification>
            <scheme type="">
               <keyword/>
               <keyword/>
            </scheme>
         </classification>
         <subject/>
         <form>
            <rhyme/>
            <meter/>
            <genre/>
         </form>
         <addressee/>
         <model>
            <name/>
            <note/>
         </model>
         <repainting>
            <date/>
            <desc/>
         </repainting>
         <source>
            <listcitn>
               <citnliterary>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citnliterary>
               <citntranslationoriginal>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citntranslationoriginal>
               <citnpictorial>
                  <title/>
                  <artist/>
                  <location/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citnpictorial>
               <citnmythic>
                  <name/>
                  <culture/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citnmythic>
               <citnhistorical>
                  <event/>
                  <place/>
                  <date/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citnhistorical>
               <citnautobiographical>
                  <name/>
                  <place/>
                  <date/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citnautobiographical>
               <citnscenic>
                  <place/>
                  <date/>
                  <bibl/>
                  <note/>
               </citnscenic>
            </listcitn>
         </source>
         <commentaries>
            <head>Commentary</head>
            <section type="intro">
               <head>Introduction</head>
               <p>The work known under this title was originally planned to
be the central panel of a triptych that was to adorn a cabinet
belonging to William Morris. The flanking panels depicted (on the
left) Dante's meeting with Beatrice in Florence, recorded in the <title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                  </title> chapter 3, and (on the right) Dante's
meeting with Beatrice recorded in the 
<title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">Purgatorio</hi>
                  </title> Canto XXX. The central panel was
not completed, however, although DGR did finish a pen and ink drawing
in which all the elements of the original conception are depicted. 
<xref doc="a.s117a.rap">This drawing</xref> is now in the Birmingham
City Museum and Art Gallery. The unfinished oil on panel is in the Tate
 Gallery, and there is a <xref doc="a.sa184.s117.rap">pencil study</xref> on the verso of the unfinished watercolor of <xref doc="a.s100.raw">
                     <title level="pic">
                        <hi rend="i">The Gate 
of Memory</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>.</p>
               <p>The work is completely symbolic. The central figure is 
Love who is holding a sundial. In the finished drawing this figure 
wears a pilgrim's hat, an accoutrement that recalls Dante's
preoccupation with the idea of the pilgrim (see especially the <xref doc="a.1-1861.yale.rad" from="304">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref> chapters 40-41). He stands against 
a hieratic background divided along a
diagonal running from upper right to lower left. In the upper left
quadrant is the head of Christ, figured as the sun, looking down across
a heavily stylized field of sun rays that emanate from the circle
containing his head. His gaze is directed toward the
figure of Beatrice, whose face is inscibed in a crescent moon in the
lower right quadrant against a background of stars.</p>
               <p>The picture is a symbolistic representation of the death
of Beatrice and the meaning of that death. As the central panel of the
projected triptych, that death stood
&#8220;<quote>between</quote>&#8221;
the two
salutations given to Dante by Beatrice. Grieve says that the picture
&#8220;<quote>represents the essential truth of both the <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                     </title> and the <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Divina
Commedia</hi>
                     </title>, that Love is the generating force of the
universe</quote>&#8221; (see the 1984 Tate catalogue <xref doc="a.ac-tate1984.rad" link="dead">
                     <title>
                        <hi rend="i">The Pre-Raphaelites</hi>
                     </title>, </xref> 179). In
his left hand the figure of Love holds a bow and arrow, in his right the
sundial which points at the ninth hour,
the hour of Christ's and of Beatrice's death alike. Ainsworth says that
the work
specifically illustrates the <xref doc="a.1-1861.yale.rad" from="283">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>
 chapter XXVIII, &#8220;<quote>when
  the Lord God of justice called my most gracious
  lady unto Himself</quote>&#8221; (see Ainsworth, <title level="wrk"> &#8220;DGR's &#8216;Dantis Amor,&#8217;&#8221;</title> 72).</p>
               <p>The work is deeply literary, its most obvious reference
point being the last line of Dante's <title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">Paradiso</hi>
                  </title> (&#8220;<quote>L'Amor che muove il sole e l'altre
stelle</quote>&#8221;. Almost equally important is the
<title level="wrk">
                     <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi>
                  </title>, as the inscription surrounding
Christ's head indicates (&#8220;<quote>qui est per omnia seacula
benedictus</quote>&#8221;); these are the concluding lines of Dante's
spiritual autobiography. In its completed form, as the finished
<xref doc="a.s117a.rap">drawing</xref> 
at Birmingham shows, Beatrice's head was to have been circled
with the immediately preceding words from Dante's autobiography:
&#8220;<quote>
                     <foreign lang="italian">quella beata Beatrice che mira continualmente nella faccia di
 colui</foreign>
                  </quote>.&#8221;</p>
               <p>The title has a double significance, with the
genitive case
signalling both Dante's love (for Beatrice, for Love, for God) and
Rossetti's (for Dante as the emblem of visionary art, and for
Love as idea and experience). DGR's work is a move to re-imagine 
Dante's love-ideal in a
secondary devotional act. As in his various pastiche texts&#8212;in
this case the reference would be to 
<xref doc="a.17-1853.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">
                        <hi rend="i">&#8220;Piangendo star
con l'anima smarrita&#8221;</hi>
                     </title>
                  </xref>&#8212;
the picture involves a kind of magical act whose aim is 
to recover Dante's spiritual values
for a more secular world. In DGR's case, art becomes not so much the
vehicle of those values as their incarnation.</p>
               <p>For further information see the 
<xref doc="a.s117.rap">commentary</xref> for the Tate Gallery oil.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistcomp">
               <head>Textual History: Composition</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="texthistrev">
               <head>Textual History: Revision</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="prodhist">
               <head>Production History</head>
               <p>DGR went to the Morris's house in Upton in October 1860
to do this picture. The <xref doc="a.sa184.s117.rap">drawing</xref> on the back of <title level="pic">
                     <hi rend="i">The Gate of Memory</hi>
                  </title> may have been done at that time, though
Ainsworth thinks it is a later production (see Ainsworth, <title level="wrk"> &#8220;DGR's &#8216;Dantis Amor,&#8217;&#8221;</title> 70). The 
<xref doc="a.s117a.rap">finished drawing</xref> dates from
1860 as well. Left unfinished at that time, the oil picture was
returned to DGR in 1863 and worked on again. When it was sold to the
dealer Gambart in 1865 DGR had it placed in its striking frame.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="recepthist">
               <head>Reception</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="icon">
               <head>Iconographic</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="printhist">
               <head>Printing History</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="pictorial">
               <head>Pictorial</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="historical">
               <head>Historical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="literary">
               <head>Literary</head>
               <p>The text directly related to this picture is Dante's
<xref doc="a.35d-1861.raw">
                     <title level="wrk">&#8220;Sonnet. On the 
ninth of June 1290&#8221;</title>
                  </xref>.</p>
            </section>
            <section type="translation">
               <head>Translation</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="autobio">
               <head>Autobiographical</head>
               <p/>
            </section>
            <section type="biblio">
               <head>Bibliographic</head>
               <p>
                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.ac-tate1997.rad" link="dead" from="135" to="136" workcode="s117">
                        <title>
                           <hi rend="i">Age of Rossetti, Burne-Jones, and Watts</hi>
                        </title>
                     </xref>, [Tate 1997] <pages> 135-136</pages>.</bibl>

                  <bibl>
                     <author>Ainsworth</author>, &#8220;<xref doc="a.nx543.j6.vol1.no.1.rad" link="dead" from="69" to="78" workcode="s117">
                        <title level="es">D. G. Rossetti's &#8216;<title level="pic">Dantis Amor</title>&#8217;</title>
                     </xref>,&#8221; <pages> 69-78</pages>.</bibl>

                  <bibl>
                     <author>Marillier</author>, <xref doc="a.nd497.r8.m33.rad" from="86" to="89" workcode="s117">
                        <title level="bk">
                           <hi rend="i">DGR: An Illustrated Memorial</hi>
                        </title>
                     </xref>, <pages> 86-89</pages>.</bibl>

                  <bibl>
                     <author>Surtees</author>, <xref doc="a.n6797.r58s9.vol1.rad" from="73" to="74" workcode="s117">
                        <title>
                           <hi rend="i">A Catalogue Raisonné</hi>
                        </title>
                     </xref>, vol. 1, <pages>73-74</pages>.</bibl>

                  <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.ac-tate1984.rad" link="dead" from="179" to="180" workcode="s117">
                        <title>
                           <hi rend="i">The Pre-Raphaelites</hi>
                        </title>
                     </xref> [Tate 1984],  
<pages> 179-180</pages>.</bibl>

                  <bibl>
                     <author>Weninger</author>, <xref doc="a.">
                        <title level="bk">&#8220;Symbol and Thing in Rossetti's <hi rend="i">Dantis Amor</hi>&#8221;</title>
                     </xref> (1999), <pages> 5-16</pages>.</bibl>
               </p>
            </section>
         </commentaries>
      </profiledesc>
      <revisiondesc/>
   </ramheader>
   <readingtext/>
   <viewingimage>
      <xref doc="a.s117.rap">Tate Oil</xref>
   </viewingimage>
   <wclist>
      <wc fileid="a.ac-angeli.nd497.r8.a774.rad.xml" anchor="" archivetype="rad"
          type="book"
          image="a.">
         <title>Dante Gabriele Rossetti con 107 Illustrazioni</title>
         <author>Elena Rossetti Angeli</author>
         <artist/>
         <editor/>
         <date>1906</date>
         <medium/>
         <repro>0</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.nc1115.r6w6.rad.xml" anchor="" archivetype="rad" type="book" image="">
         <title>Drawings of D. G. Rossetti</title>
         <author>Wood, T. Martin</author>
         <artist/>
         <editor/>
         <date>1907</date>
         <medium/>
         <repro>0</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.nd497.r8.m33.rad.xml" anchor="" archivetype="rad" type="book"
          image="">
         <title>Dante Gabriel Rossetti, An Illustrated Memorial of His Art and Life</title>
         <author>H. C. Marillier</author>
         <artist/>
         <editor/>
         <date>1899</date>
         <medium/>
         <repro>0</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.nd497.r8.m33.rad.xml" anchor="" archivetype="rad" type="book"
          image="">
         <title>Dante Gabriel Rossetti, An Illustrated Memorial of His Art and Life</title>
         <author>H. C. Marillier</author>
         <artist/>
         <editor/>
         <date>1899</date>
         <medium/>
         <repro>0</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.s117.rap.xml" archivetype="rap" type="painting"
          image="a.s117.tate.tif">
         <title>Dantis Amor</title>
         <author/>
         <artist>DGR</artist>
         <editor/>
         <date>1860 1859  </date>
         <medium>oil and gold and silver leaf on mahogany panel</medium>
         <repro>5</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.s117a.rap.xml" archivetype="rap" type="drawing" image="a.s117a.tif">
         <title>Dantis Amor</title>
         <author/>
         <artist>DGR</artist>
         <editor/>
         <date>1860 (circa)   </date>
         <medium>pen and brown ink</medium>
         <repro>5</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.s117b.rap.xml" archivetype="rap" type="drawing" image="a.">
         <title>Dantis Amor</title>
         <author/>
         <artist>DGR</artist>
         <editor/>
         <date>1865-66 (circa)   </date>
         <medium>pen and brown ink</medium>
         <repro>2</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.sa184.s117.rap.xml" archivetype="rap" type="drawing" image="a.">
         <title>Drawing for Dantis Amor</title>
         <author/>
         <artist>DGR</artist>
         <editor/>
         <date>1871? (before April 1871)   </date>
         <medium>pencil sketch on somewhat yellowed cartridge or watercolour paper</medium>
         <repro>1</repro>
      </wc>
      <wc fileid="a.sa279.s117a.rap.xml" archivetype="rap" type="photograph"
          image="a.s117a.mansell.tif">
         <title>Dantis Amor [print]</title>
         <author/>
         <artist>Mansell</artist>
         <editor/>
         <date>1857-1890 (circa)   </date>
         <medium>photoprint (brown/white) mounted on blue-green/grayish board</medium>
         <repro>1</repro>
      </wc>
   </wclist>
</ram>