Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante (unfinished sketch)

<artist/> <bibl/> <note/> </citnpictorial> <citnmythic> <name/> <culture/> <bibl/> <note/> </citnmythic> <citnhistorical> <event/> <place/> <date/> <bibl/> <note/> </citnhistorical> <citnautobiographical> <name/> <place/> <date/> <bibl/> <note/> </citnautobiographical> <citnscenic> <place/> <date/> <bibl/> <note/> </citnscenic> </listcitn> </source> <commentaries> <head>Commentary</head> <section type="intro"> <head>Introduction</head> <p> The importance of this subject for DGR is underscored by this unfinished replica of the work. DGR undertook the picture in 1852 as part of a planned triptych on key events in Dante's life and career. WMR elaborates how the picture was <quote>“to represent the life and work of the great Florentine in a triple relation”</quote> (see WMR, <bibl> <xref doc="a.nd497.r8r8.rad" from="16" workcode="s54" to="17"> <title level="bk"> <hi rend="i">DGR as Designer and Writer</hi> , 16-17 ). DGR himself named that triple relation “Art, Friendship, and Love” ( <hi rend="i">Letters</hi> , DW I. 123 ). The other two panels of the triptych would have shown Dante as a Florentine magistrate sentencing Cavalcanti to exile, and Dante at the court of Can Grande della Scala. Sketches toward the latter survive as <hi rend="i">Dante at Verona</hi> .

The Art celebrated in DGR's picture is clearly a Rossettian “double work of art.” Indeed, the picture underscores DGR's attachment to the ideal of relationship per se, with love and friendship reflecting an interchange he pursued in his life as an artist, designer, and writer.

Production History

This unfinished watercolour is a replica made 1859 (circa). DGR had finished a drawing and another watercolour in 1852.

Reception

Iconograpic

The figures in this imaginary historical reconstruction, besides Giotto and Dante, were to have been Cimabue (Giotto's master) standing behind the painter as he works, and Cavalcanti (holding a book of Guinicelli's verses) standing behind Dante. As in the finished drawing, Beatrice was to have been moving below them, reading from a book, in a procession of women. The arrangement is strongly conceptual, all but allegorical, of DGR's “triple relation” of “Art, Friendship, and Love”. Dante and Giotto represent Art, the relations between the various men (but especially between Giotto and Dante) represent Friendship, and Beatrice and the women focus the subject of Love.

Pictorial

Historical

A complex set of historical circumstances invest this picture. Giotto's original picture—a fresco celebrating the glory of Florence—included the figure of Dante holding a pomegranate. It was painted sometime between 1290-1300 on the altar wall of the Palace of the Podesta (later the Bargello) in Florence, but was subsequently covered with whitewash. It was rediscovered in 1840. Seymour Kirkup, one of the scholars who made the discovery and a friend of DGR's father, made a copy of the portrait of Dante and sent it to Gabriele Rossetti, from whom it passed to DGR.

Literary

According to DGR, the picture —illustrates a passage in the <hi rend="i">Purgatorio</hi> [XI. 94-99] . . . where Dante speaks of Cimabue, Giotto, the two Guidos (Guinicelli and Cavalcanti. . .) and, by implication, himself. For the introduction of Beatrice, who with the other women . . . are making a procession through the church, I quote a passage from the <hi rend="i">Vita Nuova</hi> [XXVI: Sonnet: For certain he hath seen all perfectness] ( <hi rend="i">Letters</hi> , DW, vol. 1, 123 ).

Autobiographical

It is clear that DGR took the imaginary event pictured in the scene as an emblematic figuration of some of his most cherished ideas about art, and in particular about art's relation to love, friendship, and poetry.

Bibliographic

Benedetti, <hi rend="i">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</hi> , 219. Marillier, <hi rend="i">An Illustrated Memorial</hi> , 101. Surtees, <hi rend="i">A Catalogue Raisonné</hi> , vol. 1, 20 (no. 54r-1). Surtees, <hi rend="i">A Catalogue Raisonné</hi> , vol. 2, plate 48.