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     id="a.s90"
     type="painting"
     image="a.s90.tif"
     height="2400"
     width="1690"
     metatype="web.visual"
     workcode="s90">
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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        <filedesc>
            <titlestmt>
                <title>The Blue Closet</title>
                <author>Dante Gabriel Rossetti</author>
                
                
            </titlestmt>
            <editionstmt>
                <edition>1</edition>
                <copyright>©Tate Gallery, London 2001</copyright>
            </editionstmt>
            <extent/>
            
            
            <notesstmt/>
            <sourcedesc>
                <citnstruct>
                    <title>The Blue Closet</title>
                    <artist>DGR</artist>
                    <note/>
                    <imageprod>
                        <date>1856-1857</date>
                        <exhibition>4 Russell Place, Fitzroy Square, <hi rend="i">Pre&#8211;Raphaelite Exhibition</hi>, 1857 (no.59); R.A., 1883 (no.358); Birmingham 1947 (no.106); R.A., 1973 (no.148); Tate 1984 (no.219)</exhibition>
                        <copy/>
                        <intendedcontext/>
                        <patron>
                            <name>William Morris</name>
                            <date>1856-1857</date>
                        </patron>
                        <originalcost/>
                        <note/>
                    </imageprod>
                    <provenance>
                        <location>Tate Gallery</location>
                        <recnum>3057</recnum>
                        <purchaseprice/>
                        <note/>
                        <archivehist>William Morris; George Rae; Tate Gallery 1916</archivehist>
                    </provenance>
                    <physicaldesc>
                        <medium>watercolour</medium>
                        <technique/>
                        <dimensions>13 1/2 x 9 3/4</dimensions>
                        <frame>The basic frame is one of DGR's most common: gold flats with raised
                            outer molding (carrying floral decoration). This frame has a small
                            variation at the four corners, where there are small recessed ornamental
                            squares.</frame>
                        <internalevidence>
                            <signature>monogram</signature>
                            <date>1857</date>
                            <assign/>
                            <other/>
                            <note>Monogram and date are inscribed at lower right.</note>
                        </internalevidence>
                        <restoration>
                            <date/>
                            <name/>
                            <desc/>
                        </restoration>
                        <note/>
                    </physicaldesc>
                    <reproduction>
                        <repro image="a.sa622.hollyer.tif" width="513" height="700">
                            <bibl>Delaware Art Museum <xref doc="a.sa622.s90.rap" workcode="s90">print</xref>.
                            </bibl>
                            <size/>
                            <color/>
                            <note/>
                        </repro>
                        <repro image="a.s90.m.tif" width="643" height="881">
                            <bibl>
                        <author>Marillier</author>, <xref doc="a.nd497.r8.m33.rad" workcode="s90" from="[78crecto]">
                                    <title level="bk">
                                        <hi rend="i">DGR: An Illustrated Memorial</hi>
                                    </title>
                                </xref>, <pages>78c</pages> recto.</bibl>
                        </repro>
                        <repro image="a.s90.surtees.repro.tif">
                            <bibl>
                        <author>Surtees</author>, <xref doc="a.n6797.r58s9.vol2.rad" workcode="s90">
                                    <title level="bk">
                                        <hi rend="i">A Catalogue Raisonné</hi>
                                    </title>
                                </xref>, vol. 2, plate 115.</bibl>
                        </repro>
                        <repro image="a.s90.era.repro.tif">
                     <bibl>
                        <author>Angeli</author>, <xref doc="a.ac-angeli.nd497.r8.a774.rad" from="101" workcode="s90">
                           <hi rend="i">DGR con 107 illustrazioni</hi>
                        </xref>, <pages>101</pages>.</bibl>
                  </repro>
                    </reproduction>
                </citnstruct>
                <fileprod>
                    <itemtype/>
                    <hardware/>
                    <software/>
                    <scanmode/>
                    <finalres/>
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        </filedesc>
        <encodingdesc/>
        <profiledesc>
            <classification>
                <scheme type="">
                    <keyword/>
                </scheme>
            </classification>
            <description/>
            <subject/>
            <addressee/>
            <model>
                <name>Elizabeth Siddal</name>
                <note>Siddal sat for the queen on the right.</note>
            </model>
            <repainting>
                <date/>
                <desc/>
            </repainting>
            <source>
                <listcitn>
                    <citnliterary>
                        <bibl/>
                        <note/>
                    </citnliterary>
                    <citnpictorial>
                        <title/>
                        <artist/>
                        <bibl/>
                        <note/>
                    </citnpictorial>
                    <citnmythic>
                        <name/>
                        <culture/>
                        <bibl/>
                        <note/>
                    </citnmythic>
                    <citnhistorical>
                        <event/>
                        <place/>
                        <date/>
                        <bibl/>
                        <note/>
                    </citnhistorical>
                    <citnautobiographical>
                        <name/>
                        <place/>
                        <date/>
                        <bibl/>
                        <note/>
                    </citnautobiographical>
                    <citnscenic>
                        <place/>
                        <date/>
                        <bibl/>
                        <note/>
                    </citnscenic>
                </listcitn>
            </source>
            <commentaries>
                <head>Commentary</head>
                <section type="intro">
                    <head>Introduction</head>
                    <p>DGR's brief comment on this haunting and enigmatic picture supplies a useful
                        gloss on its abstract quality: &#8220;<quote>its subject is some people
                            playing music</quote>&#8221; (see <hi rend="i">Correspondence</hi> 60.38). When Stephens says the
                        picture is &#8220;<quote>intended to symbolize the association of
                            colour with music</quote>&#8221; (<bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.n1.p6.1894.rad" workcode="s90" from="41">Stephens</xref>,
                                <pages>41</pages>
                  </bibl>), he underscores the formalism of the work,
                        as well as its ideal character.</p>
                    <p> The picture represents a series of balanced relations: the queen on the
                        right plays the clavichord with her right hand, the queen on the left with
                        her left, and their other hands are symmetrically playing the bells and
                        lute. At the back we see the left arm of the woman on the right, the right
                        of the woman on the left. A like set of balanced relations governs the
                        arrangements of the colors, including the colors on the musical instruments
                        (which are themselves organized in a set of double balances). The holly at
                        the top balances the red-orange lily at the bottom. The blue tiles, visible
                        at the back wall and the floor, argue that the entire
                        &#8220;closet&#8221; is indeed enclosed in their blue; and the
                        pair of blue emblems on the bells and lute define another symmetry. In a
                        sense, the crossed legs supporting the clavichord are a visual emblem of all
                        these symmetries; in another sense, the predominance of quaternary
                        relationships connects to the square tiles which enclose the entire
                    space.</p>
                </section>
                <section type="prodhist">
                    <head>Production History</head>
                    <p> DGR executed the picture in 1856-1857. George Rae bought it in 1864, along
                        with five other watercolors by DGR, from William Morris; the total
                            price, <xref doc="a.nd497.r8r8.rad" from="43" to="44">according to
                        WMR</xref>, was 262 pounds plus 35 pounds to DGR for some finishing
                    work.</p>
                </section>
                <section type="recepthist">
                    <head>Reception</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="icon">
                    <head>Iconographic</head>
                    <p> DGR's works often use emblems of sun and moon as signs of time passing, as
                        here on the musical instruments.</p>
                </section>
                <section type="pictorial">
                    <head>Pictorial</head>
                    <p> Alastair Grieve suggests that &#8220;The symmetrical grouping and
                        echoed poses recall the composition of medieval scenes of the flagellation
                        of Christ or of angels making music (e.g., Orcagna's panel of
                        &#8216;Musical Angels&#8217; in Christ Church, Oxford&#8221;
                                (<bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.ac-tatepr1974.rad" link="dead" workcode="s90" from="280">
                        <hi rend="i">Pre-Raphaelites</hi>, Tate 1984</xref>,
                                <pages>280</pages>
                  </bibl>).</p>
                </section>
                <section type="historical">
                    <head>Historical</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="literary">
                    <head>Literary</head>
                    <p> The painting was the inspiration for Morris's splendid and equally strange
                        poem of the same title, published in 1857 in his <xref doc="a.morris002.rad" link="dead">
                            <title level="bk">
                                <hi rend="i">The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems</hi>
                            </title>
                        </xref> volume. Morris had finished his poem in mid-December 1856 (see <hi rend="i">Correspondence</hi> 56.59).</p>
                </section>
                <section type="autobio">
                    <head>Autobiographical</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="biblio">
                    <head>Bibliographic</head>
                    <p>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Angeli</author>, <xref doc="a.ac-angeli.nd497.r8.a774.rad" from="101" workcode="s90">
                        <hi rend="i">DGR con 107 illustrazioni</hi>
                     </xref>, <pages>101</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Faxon</author>, <xref doc="a.n6797.r58f38.rad" link="dead" workcode="s90" from="102" to="103">
                            <title level="bk">
                                <hi rend="i">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</hi>
                            </title>
                        </xref>, <pages>102-103</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                            <author>Fredeman</author>, <xref doc="a.pr5246.a4.2002.rad" link="dead">
                                <title level="per">
                                    <hi rend="i">Correspondence</hi>
                                </title>
                            </xref>, <pages/>56.59, 60.38.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Lourie</author>, <xref doc="a.pr461.v53.rad" link="dead" workcode="s90" from="193" to="206">
                                <title level="es">&#8220;Embodiment of
                                Dreams&#8221;</title>
                            </xref>, <pages>193-206</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Marillier</author>, <xref doc="a.nd497.r8.m33.rad" workcode="s90" from="81">
                                <title level="bk">
                                    <hi rend="i">An Illustrated Memorial</hi>
                                </title>
                            </xref>, <pages>81</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Mégroz</author>, <xref doc="a.pr5246.m4.rad" workcode="s90" from="244" to="245">
                                <title level="bk">
                                    <hi rend="i">Painter Poet of Heaven and Earth</hi>
                                </title>
                        </xref>, <pages>244-245</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <xref doc="a.ac-tate1984.rad" link="dead" workcode="s90" from="280">
                            <title level="bk">
                           <hi rend="i">The Pre-Raphaelites</hi>, Tate
                                1984</title>
                        </xref>, <pages>280</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author> Powell</author>, <xref doc="a.">
                                <title level="es">&#8220;Object, Symbol, and
                                    Metaphor,&#8221;</title>
                            </xref>
                     <pages> 16-29</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Stephens</author>, <xref doc="a.n1.p6.1894.rad" workcode="s90" from="41" to="42">
                                <title level="bk">
                                    <hi rend="i">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</hi>
                                </title>
                            </xref>, <pages>41-42</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Surtees</author>, <xref doc="a.n6797.r58s9.vol1.rad" workcode="s90" from="50">
                                <title level="bk">
                                    <hi rend="i">A Catalogue Raisonné</hi>
                                </title>
                            </xref>, vol. 1, <pages>50</pages> (no. 90).</bibl>
                    </p>
                </section>
            </commentaries>
        </profiledesc>
        <revisiondesc/>
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